Sentence examples for low volume concentration from inspiring English sources

From this literature review, it is clear that there are only limited studies on nanofluid boiling heat transfer in microchannels with low volume concentration.

The nanofluids are created by the addition of nanoparticles to fluids for intensification and improvement of some properties at low volume concentration of the dispersing medium.

Kim et al. [23] studied Al2O3-water nanofluid at low volume concentration and observed an enhancement of the boiling critical heat flux up to 70% at nanoparticle concentrations lower than 0.01%.

As stated previously in the Introduction, only low volume concentrations of nanoparticles are required to significantly alter the thermal properties of the base fluids.

From previous investigations [6 11], it was also observed that nanofluids exhibit substantially higher thermal conductivity even at very low volume concentrations (Φ < 0.05) of suspended nanoparticles.

Results also indicate that at very low volume concentrations (less than 0.005) nanofluids has no major impact on heat transfer parameters.

Finally, Patel et al. [30] agrees fairly well with the experimental data at higher concentrations (Figure 2c) but overestimate the thermal conductivities for low volume concentrations (Figure 2a, b).

Low volume concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15%) of graphene, having the size less than 100 nm, dispersed in 100 ml of water with SDBS (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) as surfactant, for prolonged stability, is used in the present study.

Most of the colloidal Ag-nps tested were supplied in both low volume and concentration, which limited the highest HEK dosing concentration to 1.7 μg/mL.

The purified RNA was not quantifiable due to low volume and concentration.

The GNR fillers confer electrical conductivity to the Si3N4 composites, following a semiconducting-like behavior at relatively low volume filler concentrations (0.04).