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The effects of binder content and degree of hydration are more obvious at low suction ranges.
At relatively low suction, pressure drop in the closely packed condenser could be predicted by conventional single phase correlations.
The apparatus can be used to obtain the hydraulic conductivity function of sandy soil over a low suction range (0 10 kPa).
External gear pumps are typically used as positive displacement machines that are capable of developing high pressures while operating at low suction pressures in hydraulic systems.
Surprisingly, degrees of saturation larger than one are systematically obtained in the laboratory at low suction values in the case of samples of expansive clay tested at constant volume.
The geotextile with the larger apparent opening size and porosity de-saturated at very low suction pressure (0.4 kPa), whereas a slightly higher suction (0.9 kPa) was needed to de-saturate the geotextile with smaller apparent opening size and porosity.
Similar(42)
For unconfined samples, the water content decreases with temperature increase at high suctions, while it increases as temperature increases at low suctions.
Results show that, for high suctions (> 4 MPa) the water retention capacity of compacted GMZ bentonite is almost independent of the constraint conditions; for low suctions (< 4 MPa) the confined samples resulted in significant low water retention.
A large apparatus, 350 mm in diameter and 280 mm in height, was developed, which is capable of controlling extremely low suctions (< 0.01 kPa) at an accuracy of 0.005 kPa and accommodating a clay sample with fully developed crack networks.
On the contrary, swelling significantly affected the water retention behaviour at low suctions, and the quantity of water stored was higher under free swelling conditions than it was under prevented swelling.
The water retention properties were studied under both confined and unconfined conditions; the results show that at high suctions (> 4 MPa) the water retention capacity is independent of the confining condition, and by contrast, at low suctions (< 4 MPa) the confined condition resulted in significant low water retention.
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