Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is characterized by low serum levels of or dysfunctional alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor.
IGF-I is essential for brain development and low serum levels have been associated with retinopathy of prematurity.
In our experience, low serum levels of vitamin D do not correlate either with Hashimoto's thyroiditis or with Graves' disease.
Women in late pregnancy showed the phenomenon of 'accelerated starvation' during Ramadan, characterized by low serum levels of glucose and alanine, and especially high levels of free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate.
Infants born very preterm have low serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), that further decrease after birth.
Low serum levels of 25(OH D have also been associated with an unfavourable lipid profile, which could possible explain the relation with cardiovascular disease and mortality.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients show low serum levels of the Ag dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV/CD26), both soluble CD26 (sconcentrationrandon and its DPP-IV activity.
Accordingly, low serum levels of 25(OH D have been associated with mortality, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and obesity.
A number of observations suggest a link between low serum levels of vitamin D and higher incidence of chronic pain.
Several observation suggested a relationship between low serum levels of vitamin D and higher incidence of chronic pain [37, 38].
A number of recent observations, including small randomized controlled trials, suggest a link between low serum levels of vitamin D and higher incidence of chronic pain [3].
