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According to our model environments with low individual foraging success and high reproduction cost will favour the evolution of reproductive skew, while large variance of foraging success, and relatively low reproduction cost will favour the formation of egalitarian groups.
The point is illustrated by a smaller, well-known survivor of the New Zealand blitzkrieg, a small flightless bird that has a low reproduction rate but is hard to find: the kiwi.
"Given the low reproduction rates of the species, their restricted distribution, loss of habitat and the international demand for the pet trade, we can consider that unregulated harvest from the wild of species could endanger their survival," it says.
Female pandas are able to conceive for only two or three days a year, leading to a very low reproduction rate.
He adds that setting the record straight could also help protect sharks, which the American Fisheries Society recently named as one of the world's most threatened groups of fish due to their low reproduction rates.
Top ranking Soricomorpha were endemic (Crocidura sicula, C. pachyura), range restricted (Sorex alpinus, Talpa caeca) and habitat specialists (Neomys fodiens, N. anomalus), and were further characterised by low reproduction, low dispersal ability, and restricted elevation range.
Similar(34)
Previously, we have shown that Asian clams (Potamocorbula amurensis) with highest metallic body burdens have highest prevalence of disease and lowest reproduction.
And due to an ongoing recession, and the mega-costs associated with having kids, this generation has hit the record for lowest reproduction rates of any before it.
In such cases, a subordinate with the same potential to compete over reproduction, will tend to increase aggression in order to attain the dominant position rather than merely achieve equal reproduction portion ( = low reproductive skew).
Those studies were performed in flocks with a low intensive reproduction management (one breeding period and one lambing per year), whilst in the sheep flocks located in the North-Eastern Spain, the main reproduction management consists of three lambings in two years (three breeding periods per year).
In the six-track system, five stage speakers are mounted in a flat baffle wall behind the screen; each has double 15-inch woofers for low-frequency reproduction down to 40 Hz.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com