This technique allowed the injection and pre-concentration of samples using a high-pressure pump, a low-pressure pump, a load column and an analytical column.
The ECCS introduces a new passive component called the advanced accumulator which integrates both functions of the conventional accumulator and the low-pressure pump without any moving parts.
Low-pressure pumps are then used to pipe this concentrated seawater, along with three other streams of untreated seawater, into the desalting unit.
The chromatographic step comprised Waters XBridge C18 columns (Milford, USA) and a water/methanol gradient at a flow rate of 200 μL/min generated by a Rheos 2200 low pressure mixing pump (Flux instruments, Basel, Switzerland).
The organic compounds in the aqueous phase of the product from subcritical water process was analyzed using a Jasco chromatographic separation module consisting of a model PU-2089 quaternary low pressure gradient pump, a model RI-2031 refractindexndetectorctor and a model LC-NetII/ADC hardware interface system.
HPLC with UVD170U detector, quaternary low pressure gradient pump (Dionex-P680), purchased from Dionex Company (USA).
Finally, the reaction mixture was heated for 1 h (100 °C) under low pressure (water pump) to eliminate non-reacted monomers.
The solvent was eliminated from the extract in a rotatory evaporator (Heidolph Laborota 4001), equipped with low- pressure pump control with a Heidolph Rotavac Control valve.
Cavitation can lead to immensely low pressure causing the pump to not function properly.
The samples were then pre-concentrated on the loading column (BetaBasic 20 × 2.1 mm, 5 µm particle size in DASH, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) with 60%% of solvent A (0.1 % NH4OH, H2O) and 40%% of solvent B (0.1 % NH4OH, MeOH) using the load pump (low-pressure quartenary pump Accela 600, from Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) at a flow rate of 1000 μL min−1.
