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Increases in norovirus are associated with cold, dry temperature, low population immunity and the emergence of novel genogroup 2 genotype 4 antigenic variants.
Increases in norovirus are associated with cold, dry temperature, low population immunity and the emergence of novel genogroup 2 type 4 antigenic variants.
The emergence of new norovirus variants (RR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.22) and low population immunity were also associated with heightened norovirus activity.
24 Low population immunity levels may have facilitated its rapid spread.
Additionally, outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases continue to occur due to low population immunity and a lack of security in some places continues to pose problems.
A key factor in the rapid and sustained global spread of the virus during 2009 was the very large pool of susceptible individuals due to low population immunity.
Similar(48)
The use of mOPV for oSIAs longer after OPV cessation, while able to effectively control the outbreak, may spread to other populations outside the response with low enough population immunity to support transmission of OPV-related viruses and/or may create new long-term iVDPV excretors.
Low levels of population immunity provide an ideal condition for dengue transmission despite low Aedes mosquito density (16 ).
This finding suggests that this hyperinvasive lineage might also spread to populations with low levels of population immunity against W135 capsule-bearing organisms.
However, for IPV5 and IPV10, 2 of 100 iterations led to poliovirus reintroductions that occurred at a time and place with very low IPV-only-induced population immunity (i.e., due to a combination of high enough R0 and contribution of fecal-oral transmission and introduction long enough after OPV cessation) that triggered an OPV restart.
Measles outbreaks continue to occur in humanitarian emergencies due to low levels of pre-existing population immunity.
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