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Because, externalizing disorders did not distinguish occasional from persistent low offenders, it may be suggested that the persistent high offending subgroup, in specific, constitutes a qualitatively different group compared to others.
The Northern Territory should introduce youth justice and diversionary programs in Aboriginal communities so that low offenders can be disciplined and rehabilitated without being locked up thousands of kilometres away, political leaders have been told.
Living with both biological parents distinguished the persistent low offenders from the occasional offenders (OR 2.5, CI 1.2 5.0).
Based on child and parent reports of offending as obtained at arrest and at 2-year follow-up, three groups of offenders were differentiated: (1) persistent high (n = 48), (2) occasional (n = 62), and (3) persistent low offenders (n = 82).
Higher levels of externalizing psychopathology distinguished persistent high offenders from occasional (comorbid ADHD and ODD/CD: OR 8.2, CI 2.6 25.5) and persistent low offenders (comorbid ADHD and ODD/CD: OR 18.2, CI 4.6 72.3; ADHD: OR 4.1, CI 1.3 13.0), over and above socio-demographic and first offense characteristics.
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Moreover, we observed a high resemblance in the total temperament profiles of controls and low HA offenders implying that low HA offenders may respond to stimulus in a relatively normal manner.
Arresting low level offenders prevents us from arresting high level offenders".
Under the changes low risk offenders will be supervised by the private sector.
"It is clear that simply locking up these types of low level offenders is not the answer".
The overhaul of the probation service in England and Wales will see low risk offenders supervised by the private sector.
"Dealing with low risk offenders locally will reduce costs to the public purse and maintain contact with professional and family support," he added.
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