The produced nanoparticles presented sizes ranging from 140 to 460 nm, depending on operational conditions, low polydispersity, and negative zeta potential irrespective of the experimental conditions.
The Egg-PC/Ch/DPPG (6.25 3 0.75) and Egg-PC/DPPG/DSPE-PEG (5:5:1) showed to be the best formulations for encapsulation of this compound, considering their low hydrodynamic diameter, high negative zeta potential, and very high encapsulation efficiency.
The physicochemical characterization of nanocapsules and PTX, CR-6, and NR encapsulation efficiencies are summarized in Table 2. PTX-CR-6- and PTX-NR-loaded nanocapsules and empty ones with a mean diameter between 95 and 164 nm, low PdI <0.2, and slightly negative zeta potential values between −1 and −6 mV were fabricated.
TiO2 of 104 nm has the highest negative zeta potential due to its low IEP and high solution pH.
In low salinity Allard and Milli-Q water, high or moderate negative zeta potential values, smaller particle sizes, and higher colloid concentrations than in OLSO indicated the existence of stable colloids.
As Figure 5c shows, the zeta potential exhibits an inverse linear relationship between the surface charge density and the interfacial energy, with the large negative zeta potential of fetuin A leading to the lowest value of α and the small zeta potential of OPN giving the largest value of α.
The polymers are showing low range of CMC (0.63 × 10−2 to 2.01 × 10−2 mg/mL) with a negative zeta potential (−44.4 mV).
Complexation of DNA with the polyhistidine PEG conjugates resulted in nanocomposites with negative zeta potentials that retarded DNase I-mediated hydrolysis, and all conjugates showed low cytotoxicity to macrophages cultured in vitro.
Prior to chain formation, the particles were first aligned in a particular direction by using a low DC field (1.5 V mm−1) for about 10 15 s; the side with the most negative zeta potential in this case the PS side points toward the positive electrode.
Summarizing the results from both designs revealed the most important factors for a successful coating, indicated by a high negative zeta potential, to be a high amount of charge in the lipid membrane and a low lipid to pectin ratio.
