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Because Germany is a low litigation risk country, settling audit failures with compensation is reduced.
(2003), Spain has weak legal protection for investors and weak enforcement mechanisms, whereby insiders and even large shareholders can enjoy large private control benefits with low litigation risk which leads to more pervasive earnings management (Burgstahler et al. 2006).
In particular, we examine whether large audit firms reduce the incidence of financial statement fraud in China, an emerging market in which auditors face strong government sanctions but low litigation risk associated with audit failures.
The large majority of auditees considered in this study are private, non-listed firms, which belong to the nonfinancial sector and operate in a context of low litigation risk (La Porta et al. 1998) and high alignment between financial and tax accounting (Ball and Shivakumar 2005; Van Tendeloo and Vanstraelen 2008).
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OF all the things Walmart is best known for (low prices, litigation, the demise of mom-and-pop stores), an overnight stopping place for RVers is not among them.
The collegial governance configuration is most likely to occur in PSFs that, in addition to the above factors, operate in an environment that poses a low risk of litigation for the PSF.
R.J. Reynolds and Brown & Williamson, part of British American Tobacco, would together have a 33% market share in America, the better to fight off threats from low-cost brands, litigation and the marketing might of Altria, Philip Morris's parent company.Altria's shares fell after an American court began a hearing into whether a judge had been entitled to cut a bond of $12 billion.
[Read the rest.] For more on how low gas prices and litigation threats have taken the heat out of the fracking fight, read Dot Earth here.
UK mortgage approvals came in at their lowest level since January 2015 in August, while in Europe Deutsche Bank shares hit a record low after costly US litigation claims and reported comments from German chancellor Angela Merkel ruling out state aid.
A surprise discovery in the Los Angeles litigation was the low turnover in some sites in low-income neighborhoods, while it was high in some seemingly desirable schools.
"They're using litigation to threaten low- and middle-income countries," says Dr. Douglas Bettcher, head of the W.H.O.'s Tobacco Free Initiative.
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