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Even here we observed a level of background morphologic changes in the NIH 3T3 cells such that low levels of transformation would be difficult to detect.
The observed lack of DNA uptake by gut bacteria might also be related to the lack of expression of bacterial competence inside the gut, insufficient free DNA concentrations, suboptimal biochemical conditions for transformation that the use of assay methods were not sensitive enough for detecting low levels of transformation.
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Generally, leaf explants showed a very low level of transformation rates in gentian species (Mishiba et al. 2006; Tiwari et al. 2007).
In vitro we found very low levels of natural transformation (<10−) among isolates of the ST-677 CC and between ST-677 CC and other CCs (ST-45 CC, ST-21 CC) (data not shown).
Low levels of P transformations detected in the nEBPR70 sludge's cycle study were consistent with the absence of EBPR (Table 1 and Fig. S1D).
Three of the six biomes have low levels of protection, high transformation of their original extent into human land uses, and high numbers of threatened vertebrates.
Therefore, we sought to address this issue of whether low levels of MYC overexpression could cause transformation in mouse prostatic epithelial cells in a new set of experiments.
We confirmed this observation by showing that normal prostate expresses low levels of PDGFRα, which significantly increase upon malignant transformation.
These include a small slope of magnetic field vs. martensitic transformation temperature phase diagram, a narrow transformation range, low transformation thermal hysteresis and a large change in magnetization on martensitic transformation, which results in low levels of applied magnetic fields desired for repeated MCE on field cycling.
Alternatively, only CTLL-2 cells expressing low levels of Bim may be selected during Tax-induced transformation of CTLL-2 cells.
Therefore, the neoplastic transformation of HELF cells induced by low levels of arsenite is apparently associated with cell proliferation.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com