Also, given our large data set (585 individuals), the tests were certainly powerful enough to detect even a low level differentiation in the population.
Similar subpopulation with low level differentiation was later described also in many different solid tumors, including breast [ 2], prostate [ 3], colon [ 4, 5], or pancreatic cancer [ 6].
We optimized the 3T3-L1 differentiation conditions to obtain a relatively low level of differentiation in the differentiated controls (17%), which allowed for enhanced discrimination of the effects of the test chemicals on adipocyte differentiation (up to 38%and76%6% for BDE-47 and TROG, respectively).
The reason behind this is the substitutability spillover relationship: the low level of differentiation on the one hand generates the high level of spillovers, on the other hand, it induces firms under Full Collusion to spend more on R&D (Result 1), accordingly the marginal cost of Full Collusion participants is sufficiently reduced, firms under Full Collusion have interest to expand their output.
Altogether, these results indicate that the genetic pool of NEAS is related to that of CAS and exhibits signatures of gene flow from multiple sources, while that of SEAS indicates greater isolation and population subdivision, although with a low level of differentiation among populations.
Nevertheless and as expected, model 1 appeared less robust than model 2 at low level of differentiation (FST<0.05).
At such thresholds, the FDR were generally similar among the two different analyses except for low level of differentiation (FST≤0.05).
This is confirmed by AMOVA and STRUCTURE analysis at low level of differentiation (K = 2), highlighting the separation of the two sub-areas.
In addition, due to the low level of differentiation (FST<0.1), the mode of the empirical (and simulated) distributions was very close to zero, hindering the identification of SNPs under balancing selection (with low FST).
Such a low level of differentiation between widely dispersed populations may be interpreted as a signature of homogenizing selection, favouring the same allelic variant in otherwise disparate populations (through either directional or balancing selection).
Overall, the rate of misassignment was high: many individuals tended to be assigned with high probability in multiple groups, which is consistent with a low level of differentiation among groups [76], [77].
