Reducing the sodium intake from the intermediate to the low level caused additional reductions of 4.6 mm Hg during the control diet (P<0.001) and 1.7 mm Hg during the DASH diet (P<0.01).
The interactionist model does not ignore low level causes, such as genes or hormones, it simply refuses to privilege them over what may be thought of as higher level environmental and social causes of behavior.
In our model, we assume that high levels of androgen directly induce proliferation while low levels cause apoptosis.
Caspase-1 activation and subsequent production of IL-1β and IL-18 has a biphasic effect; low levels cause cytokine production but, above a certain threshold, can lead to pyroptosis [ 69].
Also, a long-term buildup of fats in the walls of brain arteries can narrow the vessels and reduce flow to critically low levels, causing an ischemic stroke.
Wartime blackout restrictions, designed to keep outdoor lighting at low levels, caused another problem for baseball.
It has also been reported in 2009 that chronic exposure to the herbicide Atrazine at low levels causes mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in insulin resistance and the risk to type 2 diabetes (PLoS one 2009 4:e5186,1-10).
Integrating Wnt and BMP signaling is crucial in developmental biology, for it has been shown that a gradient of Wnt is a major determinant of the antero-posterior (A P) axis, with low levels causing head and high levels tail development [9].
It is however not easy to single out a low-level cause for this difference, rather it seems to be a combined effect of a slightly difference in the distribution of reaction-degrees and degree correlations in the bipartite representation.
There are no safe levels of lead exposure: even low levels can cause lifelong developmental damage to young children.
Previous studies that have explored this connection found that a low testosterone level caused by ADT was associated with a higher probability of developing Alzheimer's.
