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For low indentation loads, cracking initiates only at the tips of the indent (primary cracking).
At these low indentation depths there is a good correlation between the scratch hardness and the nanoindentation hardness, with an increase in hardness as the film thickness decreases.
At low indentation depths, a high percentage relaxation (p < 0.01) with a high relaxation rate (p < 0.05) was obtained, due to the poroelastic and viscoelastic nature of the superficial layer.
Surface softness, which is observed by low indentation moduli, when compared to predictions from the bulk elastic constants, might indicate a more fundamental scenario close to the martensite transformation.
The hardness at low indentation depths (i.e. 10 nm) is observed to decrease abruptly from 55 down to 26 GPa when the carbon content in the films decreases from x≈0.2 to x≈0.05 (∼TiN).
On the contrary, it has been shown that the model advanced by Jönsson and Hogmark breaks down when tested outside the range of experimental values of hardness, particularly at low indentation diagonal values.
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Make a small indentation in the tile.
We have found that the low load indentation induced qualitatively similar responses in the primary and C2C12-derived osteoblasts.
In the low load indentation regime, where the force exerted on the cell induced membrane deformation, only local [Ca 2+] i transients were observed.
Concerning Results and Discussion: The authors write in page 4 that: "When consecutive low load indentation were performed at the same location on the same cell multiple local responses were induced".
Mechanical properties such as hardness and elastic modulus have been studied with ultra-low load indentation testing.
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