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An I 2 value <25% indicates low heterogeneity between studies.
There was low heterogeneity between studies (I=24.9%).
These results suggest there is low heterogeneity between the replicated experiments.
The overall I2 statistic was 9% suggesting relatively low heterogeneity between the studies.
The strengths of the review are the comprehensive searches, use of baseline never-smoker intention-to-treat cohorts, and low heterogeneity between these trials.
Assuming low heterogeneity between herds, we used a detection power (1-β) of 90%, the level of significance at 95% and the desired absolute precision at 5%.
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I2 is the percentage variation in SMD attributable to heterogeneity, and values between 25% and 50% indicate low heterogeneity, whereas between 50% and 75%and>75%5% indicate moderate and high heterogeneity, respectively.
For I, values between 25% and 50% were considered as low heterogeneity; those between 50% and 75% were considered as medium heterogeneity; and those over 75% were considered as high heterogeneity.
Although this meta-analysis indicates only low heterogeneity, diversity between studies, for example due to different populations (e.g., countries, age groups), inclusion and exclusion criteria (e.g., more severe patients), study designs (e.g., inadequate follow-up of lost patients), statistical methods used, and various sources of bias, is still an important issue.
These results are supported by the fact that only low heterogeneity was observed between studies.
Following the GRADE algorithm, we downgraded the quality of the evidence of studies investigating major adverse cardiovascular events in relation to loss of function genotypes from low to very low for heterogeneity between studies that was not explained by study design, differences between populations or interventions, or length of follow-up.
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