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Oocytes with meiotic abnormalities can look normal and even become fertilized, but they lead to a low fertilization rate or a low implantation rate if they are fertilized [ 78, 79].
To investigate the effect of calcium ionophore on the fertilization rate of a patient with normozoospermia who nonetheless exhibited a low fertilization rate in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
A low fertilization rate (LFR) was more frequently observed in the HBV group (34.4% versus 15.6%, P = 0.036) and was associated with a decreased number of embryos available for transfer, although embryo quality on day 2 or 3 was not different.
FF-leptin levels lower and FF-visfatin levels higher than those found in control-NOW might be markers of this different phenotype and low fertilization rate.
The poor oocyte recovery rate and the low fertilization rate obtained suggest that other factors such as temperature, local pressure and environment at the subcutaneous site might contribute to the poor quality of the oocytes.
Embryos with low fertilization rate (≤16 ± 3%) and low hatching percentage (≤7 ± 3%) were defined as low quality embryos (L) and embryos with high fertilization (≥91 ± 2%) and high hatching percentage (≥86 ± 3%) were defined as high quality embryos (H).
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Early insemination results in low fertilization rates (low accessory sperm number), but good embryo quality, whereas, late insemination results in high fertilization rates (high accessory sperm number), but poor embryo quality.
(The low fertilization rates of cryopreserved oocytes, compared to 80% in fresh oocytes, were likely due to zona hardening in the strain used, as previously described [36], [37]).
However, in bovine species, the low fertilization rates and developmental competence of cryopreserved oocytes still need to be improved.
In addition, its dioecy with low fertilization rates and fruit production lead to poor natural regeneration (Fu et al., 1999).
With this carrier stallion, there was no evidence of low fertilization rates after AI or NS, but uterine disease was noted more often after NS than after AI.
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