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This will facilitate the emergence of schistosomiasis, which will increase the risk of the disease becoming endemic in areas that currently have low endemicity.
According to the estimated minimum incidence, in 9 villages the disease was classified as highly endemic, and in 15 villages, the disease was considered of low endemicity.
The endemicity of HBV infection varies greatly over the world, from highly endemic areas (> 8% infection rate), to intermediate (2-8%) and low endemicity areas (< 2%).
Sensitive diagnostic procedures to ensure adequate surveillance in areas attaining low endemicity are required.
Our method will contribute to improved malaria surveillance in low endemicity settings.
The distribution of EM-ELISA OD values in low endemicity area was significantly higher (P=0.002) than in the control area.
Six study sites were selected in a high endemicity area and two study sites in a low endemicity area in eastern France on the basis of landscape composition.
The necropsy prevalence in high and low endemicity areas was 63.3% and 19.4%, respectively, and the distribution of adult worms in the fox population was highly overdispersed (75.5% of the total biomass was harboured by 11.6% of foxes).
The medians of EM- and EmA9-ELISA OD values of field faeces in high endemicity area were significantly higher than in low endemicity area (P<0.001 for both ELISA).
Moreover, for the two ELISA, the observed ELISA OD value distributions in high endemicity area, low endemicity area and control area seemed representative of the distribution of adult worms in fox populations.
There is a wide difference in the costs of control (i.e. maintenance of low endemicity) and elimination programs between countries.
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