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In contrast, all the HGDP African populations, including the San and Mbuti hunter-gatherers, had low derived allele frequencies at these sites (Table 5).
Of interest, two of them (ENSG00000228437, ENSG00000254339) were found to be under strong intra-population purifying selection indicated by low derived allele frequency (< 0.1) [ 29], suggesting their potential human-specific functions.
Statistical power was higher for low derived allele frequencies, presumably because these signals would have spanned a longer genetic distance and thus included sufficient number of SNPs to anchor the signal.
We also demonstrated that tele-enhancers (1) are significantly more conserved than proximal enhancers, (2) display lower single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density, and (3) are enriched for low derived allele frequency (DAF) SNPs all suggesting that tele-enhancers have been and are currently evolving under a stronger negative selective pressure than their proximal counterparts.
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We determined that oral and inhalation exposures to the maximum concentration of Σ16PAH totaled 4.1 µg/kg bw/day (Table 4), whereas the lowest derived TDI for noncarcinogenic effects of exposure during a single day is 30 μg/kg bw/day (Baars et al. 2001).
Low frequency derived allele (blue color) tend to have strong negative iHS unstd values and high frequency derived allele (orange color) tend to have strong positive iHS unstd values (A).
A low score of a gene poorly annotated in a particular domain is not always comparable to a low score derived from multiple informative annotations.
In addition, we find unique low frequency derived haplotypes with non-coding substitutions, as well as one copy of haplotype IV, which occurs also as a low frequency variant in Iran.
Central pressure values for their centers of low pressure derived from this technique are approximate.
However, EHH is often raised around low frequency, derived alleles.
SNPs with low frequency derived alleles tend to be younger SNPs.
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