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Maleic anhydrite grafted polyethylene with a low degree of functionalization was used as well.
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Highly ordered CNFs provide a low initial catalytic activity owing to the low degree of surface functionalization.
Therefore, crude fullerenols must be separated and purified in order to obtain fullerenols with low degree of CO functionalization and good biocompatibility.
Surface functionalization with hydrophobic groups resulted in low degree of drug loading (approximately 20%) and fast rate of release (85% over a period of 5 h) whereas hydrophilic groups resulted in a significantly higher drug payloads (21%45%%) and slower rate of release (12%40%% over a period of 5 h).
eH = high degree of change; L = low degree of change.
Contrary to what was expected, P46-CNTs with a high grade of functionalization were more toxic to J774 macrophages than P46-CNTs with a low grade of functionalization, than P-CNTs, and had a similar level of toxicity as UP-CNT.
Both overly low and overly high degrees of activation may lead to low degrees of performance.
The increase in the band intensity ratio (I D/I G) of the functionalized MWNTs reflects the relative degree of functionalization or defects in the nanotubes, indicating covalent functionalization MWNT-POSS nanohybrids.
The degree of functionalization was determined by means of a calibration function for Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
The P-CNTs were functionalized with the purified 46 kDa protein, classified according to their degree of functionalization, and characterized by Raman and Infrared spectroscopy.
This approach allows achieving high degree of functionalization under mild conditions.
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