Low proportions of AIV-positive results (<3%) indicate the low cost:benefit ratio of surveillance based on trapping wild birds (2 ).
High net profit value (NPV) of 24.59$, high investment cost analysis (ICA) of 10.14$ and low benefit: cost ratio (BCR) of 2.42 were observed in fish fed with D1 while those fed with D3 allowed to have high NPV (23.15$), low ICA (7.86$) and high BCR (2.95).
In this study, a sequential multi-fidelity (SMF) metamodeling approach is proposed to address the issues of 1) where to allocate the LF and HF sample points, and 2) how to obtain an optimal combination of the high and low-fidelity sample sizes for a given computational budget and a high-to-low simulation cost ratio.
It is not the case that all community and public health interventions have extremely low cost effectiveness ratios; neither is it true that high complexity interventions are universally expensive in relation to the health gains they provide.
A low cost-value ratio implies a better value for money programme than one with a higher ratio.
Most of the presented technologies have a clear advantage because of a low cost-benefit ratio.
Though different approaches have been proposed to increase the strength, the efficacy of some of the methods is debatable, because of the high energy consumption and/or low cost-benefit ratio.
In principle, therefore, substantial improvements in the allocative efficiency could be achieved by a reallocation of resources from the interventions with high cost-effectiveness ratios to interventions with low cost-effectiveness ratios.
With a low cost to benefit ratio, potential positive results from the study may be disseminated to a broader population of men with PCa, in co-operation with existing community-based soccer clubs.
Secondly, it appeared beneficial to put particular attention to a narrow range of interventions with low cost-effectiveness ratios.
