However, it turned out that Microsoft had built a low cost brand based on a principle of "one format for all" -- rather than software that was tailored to special security needs.
But don't be fooled, department stores, or beauty specialty stores sometimes have a great low cost brand, or low cost house brand.
And in Europe, where low-cost brands are not as prevalent, hostels "may fill that void," he said.
R.J. Reynolds and Brown & Williamson, part of British American Tobacco, would together have a 33% market share in America, the better to fight off threats from low-cost brands, litigation and the marketing might of Altria, Philip Morris's parent company.Altria's shares fell after an American court began a hearing into whether a judge had been entitled to cut a bond of $12 billion.
Earnings have been growing in the low single digits in the last few years, as low-cost brands have gained.
Elsewhere in China, low-cost brands like Oppo, Xiaomi, OnePlus and Vivo have made major gains at the cost of more established brands like Sony, LG, HTC and Motorola.
Changes between 2011 and 2013 in: proportions of current smokers who purchased their last cigarette from discount outlets such as supermarkets compared with small mixed business retail outlets; prevalence of regular use of low-cost brands imported from Asia and use of unbranded tobacco.
"We're launching a low-cost brand, but our costs aren't low," an airline spokeswoman told Gulliver candidly.
Labor activists found labels for the German low-cost brand KIK and a purchase order by a New York firm, M. Hidary & Company, for Hawaiian Authentics swimwear.
Qantas's response to the shifting economic landscape is to set up two ventures in the region over the coming years, adding to its existing low-cost brand, Jetstar.
