Despite the fact that most of the PSs used in PDTs have low biocompatibility and water-solubility, which limit their effective clinical usage [21,22], both issues are addressed via conjugation of PSs with proper nanocarrier materials [23-25 [23-25
Use of CNTs for biomedical applications is limited due to their low biocompatibility.
However, PNIPAM based systems have low biocompatibility because the NIPAM monomer is carcinogenic and teratogenic [13].
In contrast, silicon allows formation of intricate small-scale, high aspect ratio nanopatterned structures, but undesirable mechanical properties and lack of biocompatibility limit its use in biomedical applications.
These constructs, however, had low biocompatibility since only immune-compromised mice were able to integrate the 3D tissue graft into their host tissue.
Some new, resorbable polymeric materials have been proposed to substitute traditional stainless-steel stents, but so far they were affected by poor mechanical properties and low biocompatibility.
When used for the detection of nitric oxide, the flexible electrodes have demonstrated high sensitivity, a wide linear range, and a low detection limit, which, in combination with its biocompatibility, offer unique opportunities for the real-time monitoring of nitric oxide secretion by human endothelial vein cells grown on the electrode.
Moreover, benefiting from the stable PL emission, good water solubility, and extraordinary biocompatibility with a high quantum yield of ∼17%, the fluorescent g-CNQDs can serve as a potential sensitive and selective probe for Fe3+ detection with a super low detection limit of 2 nM and an effective labeling agent for live-cell imaging.
The chemsensor exhibited high selectivity, low cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and good water solubility.
Various small molecules with the advantages of low cost, biocompatibility, and easy application have been demonstrated to enhance reprogramming efficiency and improve cell characteristics.
