Sentence examples for low avian from inspiring English sources

Fenvalerate belongs to the family of recently developed insecticides classed as synthetic pyrethroids, which exhibit very low avian and mammalian toxicity, but are very toxic to fish (Miyamoto 1976; Casida et al. 1983; WHO 1996).

Foragers were exposed to high or low avian and mammalian predation risk levels in a 2 × 2 factorial set up.

Over all treatments, the animals decreased their food intake by one half when the animals were shifted from the safest treatment combination (low avian risk, no mustelid odour 0.67 g ± 0.45) to a combination with both risks (0.32 g ± 0.3).

*IVPI, intravenous pathogenicity index (1 ); LPAI, low pathogenicity avian influenza; HPAI, highly pathogenic avian influenza.

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are further classified into two distinct groups, low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, based on their ability to produce clinical disease in chickens.

Waterfowl can be a source of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses for domestic avian populations [ 11], in which they can evolve into highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains [ 12].

Although domestic ducks do not usually display symptoms when they are infected with these viruses, they provide an environment for the reassortment of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses, which can serve as progenitors of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (3 ).

To the Editor: Wild migratory birds are reservoirs for low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses (1 ), but their role in transmitting highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses is hotly debated and unclear (2 – 4 ).

We isolated a large number of low pathogenicity avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses and an increasing number of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from apparently healthy birds in Bangladesh.

We recognize that the above-mentioned low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) strains are a different disease entity compared with the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) presented in this paper and should not be compared directly.

Low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIv) infections of H5 and H7 subtypes in poultry are notifiable to the OIE, hence surveillance programmes are implemented.