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Our studies identify six mutagenic constructs that lost receptor affinity completely, despite being expressed at the cell surface.
We have re-expressed TRβ1 in hepatocarcinoma and breast cancer cell lines that have lost receptor expression and have analyzed the effect of the receptor in tumor progression and metastatic growth.
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Unfortunately, up to 50% of patients bearing ERα-positive primary tumors lose receptor expression in recurrent tumors, and about one third of metastatic tumors develop resistance to tamoxifen and lose ERα expression [ 8].
Since CCR2 expression on monocyte-derived DCs is not above background, but their recruitment is CCR2 dependent, it is likely that these cells lose receptor expression in the lung upon differentiation from monocytes.
A second question is related to netrin-1 expression in human colorectal tumours, as it would be expected that a similar selective advantage for a tumour is either to lose receptor expression (as it occurs for DCC and/or UNC5H) or to gain netrin-1 expression.
The immunocytochemistry in Fig. 2 suggests that dlg X 1 2 mutants specifically lose receptors that contain GluRIIB, but do not lose receptors containing GluRIIA.
The finding that SpeB-processed CXCL9 had retained antibacterial activity but lost its receptor stimulating activity was somewhat surprising.
Thus, Tom22 has either lost the receptor domain to form Tom9 or been replaced by a different protein.
Cells induced with RA for 12 hr and subsequently recultured in liquid culture gradually expressed the differentiated phenotype and lost transferrin receptor expression.
To confirm that TGFβ signaling is a metastasis suppressor, we rescued TGFβ signaling in CBS metastatic colon cancer cells that had lost TGFβ receptor expression due to epigenetic repression.
For example, D. sechellia and D. erecta, which are specialized to grow on particular substrates, have lost gustatory receptors and detoxification genes (Drosophila 12 Genomes Consortium et al. 2007; Dworkin and Jones 2009).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com