A proposition could even be regarded as more probable (probabilior) without its negation losing probability.
The winning or losing probability of one individual in game B depends on its neighbors' winning or losing states, reflecting the dependence that individuals has on microhabitat and the overall constraints that the microhabitat has on individuals.
Moreover, packets must be retransmitted when they are successfully received (1 - Pd p,h)) but the correspondent ACK message is lost with probability Pa p,h), resulting in a probability of retransmission equal to ((1 - Pd p,h)) × Pa p,h)) [34].
An uncertain packet (P_{j} in mathcal {U}_{i}^{1 L}) of receiver R i is lost with probability a i (j), which can be explained as follows.
We know that if one packet is lost, the probability that a consecutive packet transmitted shortly afterward also will be lost is higher, i.e., a wireless link does not have the memoryless property.
We assume that state transitions occur per frame transmission and all the frames are transmitted successfully except when collisions occur in the good state while all the frames are lost with probability one in the bad state.
We assume that the memory of an attribute pair is lost with probability p; when this occurs, the corresponding unit sends no signal and h is decreased by 1 (h = 1−k, when k memories are lost).
Within exposed newts, both the amount of mass lost and probability of entering t-phase increased as a function of increasing pathogen load clearance.
Genes are lost with probability v, an event that is far more frequent than the emergence of new gene types u, and h is the mean number of genes gained per genome by HGT.
When a customer enters into the system and finds the buffer full, he moves to an orbit of infinite capacity with probability γ and is lost forever with probability (left( {1gamma } right)).
