Alternatively, some of the finer spatial features in the experimental cross-sections may have been lost in fixing and cryosectioning processes, leading to smaller association indexes when compared to the simulations.
Allele 1 is more likely to be lost than fixed for small s, but can occasionally drift for long times before being lost.
The nature of the duplication event (segmental or whole-genome) will influence the likelihood of specific genes being lost or fixed.
To accomplish this, we simulate the forward trajectory of the favored allele, continuing until the allele is lost, becomes fixed, or until t generations have passed.
Except that intron losses are neutral and thus randomly lost or fixed, the mutational models of intron loss cannot fully account for the pattern of intron loss.
Let h X, Y be the proportion of cases where the heteroplasmy persists and h X and h Y be the proportions where the mutation is lost or fixed.
Second, in the event that infection is not lost but fixed in one deme, it is subject to negative between-deme selection because the fecundity cost of infection reduces the productivity of infected demes.
In each model, we have simulated systems in which the amount of telomere lost is fixed, or is length-dependent; cases where cells/chromosomes divide whenever possible, or when there is a probability of division which depends on telomere length.
Thus, if markers are selected based on high MAF, marker mutations may well predate QTL mutations that affect traits of interest, because traits of interest have been under selection, and old mutations that affect them were either lost or fixed.
One important function of this bottleneck could be to ensure that new mutations will either be lost or fixed rapidly within individuals, and thus exposed to selection at the population level [Bergstrom and Pritchard, 1998; Roze et al., 2005].
