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Loss of mirror reflectivity due to soiling at Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants is a significant consideration for design and operation of the plant.
For systems with non-dilatational misfit, we obtain a symmetry-breaking shape transition that involves a loss of mirror symmetry normal to the x- and y-axes; small particles have this symmetry, while those beyond a critical size do not.
This loss of mirror images imbalances the system to more chaos and bigger imbalance of structural polarity.
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A test facility to test the transmission properties of quasi-optical lines, including a measurement system for ohmic loss of mirrors, a reflectometer to detect possible surface deformations and an alignment control system is described.
Then, since the loss rate of electrons is nearly proportional to the square of the loss angle (small angle), the loss angle of mirror (c) – (e) becomes 20° from the estimation of the ratio (302 – 202) / (302 – 152).
Under the above design, we consider the loss angle of mirror (a) – (e).
Accordingly, the loss angle of mirror (c)–(e) for the test electron is 30°.
Next, we ask for the loss angle of mirror (a)–(e) for D+ ions (mass m i = 3680 m e ).
Accordingly, the loss angle of mirror (a)–(e) for the test ion is regarded to be about 15°.
If mirror (c) – (e) can reflect 79.9% of electrons with |θ| c between 30°~15°, then, the loss angle of mirror (c) – (e) becomes 19°.
Now, we decrease the loss angle of mirror (c)–(e) for the test electron from 30° to 15° by using an electric field –( widehat{z} ) 400 cos ω c t between planes (c) and (d).
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