Fig. 3 Development of lost traits: the hindlimbs of cetaceans.
Finally, there are many instances of convergence, where multiple lineages have gained or lost traits independently.
Consider the many independent losses of traits related to feeding and locomotion in endoparasitic lineages, for instance, the lost traits often having evolved only once in a common ancestor.
For example, undergraduate biology students said that organisms lost traits over time because they did not use them or that the organism shifted energy allocation to other more important processes, but did not use those ideas to respond to items about trait gain (Nehm and Ha 2011).
Our results imply that the domestication process accelerated large-scale genomic deletions in the lineage of Asian cultivated rice and that the close relatives of cultivated rice have the potential to restore the lost traits.
When a formerly lost trait re-emerges in 'throwback' form, the resulting atavism (from the Latin atavus for ancestor, or literally great-great-great grandfather) is a kind of re-appearing artifact.
The fact that genes--and a lost trait--may be reincorporated into a species "may represent a common theme in plant evolution," says Loren Rieseberg, an evolutionary biologist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada.
Repeat this with each perceived lost trait.
Pyramiding of Xa7 and Pi2 in Hua1228S had significantly increased the bacteria blight and blast resistance, without losing desirable traits of Guangzhan63-4S.
In our model and others [ 20], losses of recognition locus diversity were often followed by a decline in cooperation, but ants are likely prevented from losing cooperative traits by strong evolutionary constraints [ 65].
