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Since CCR2 expression on monocyte-derived DCs is not above background, but their recruitment is CCR2 dependent, it is likely that these cells lose receptor expression in the lung upon differentiation from monocytes.
Unfortunately, up to 50% of patients bearing ERα-positive primary tumors lose receptor expression in recurrent tumors, and about one third of metastatic tumors develop resistance to tamoxifen and lose ERα expression [ 8].
A second question is related to netrin-1 expression in human colorectal tumours, as it would be expected that a similar selective advantage for a tumour is either to lose receptor expression (as it occurs for DCC and/or UNC5H) or to gain netrin-1 expression.
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The immunocytochemistry in Fig. 2 suggests that dlg X 1 2 mutants specifically lose receptors that contain GluRIIB, but do not lose receptors containing GluRIIA.
Our studies identify six mutagenic constructs that lost receptor affinity completely, despite being expressed at the cell surface.
We have re-expressed TRβ1 in hepatocarcinoma and breast cancer cell lines that have lost receptor expression and have analyzed the effect of the receptor in tumor progression and metastatic growth.
However, in the olfactory bulb proper, cells immunoreactive for the receptor were not observed, suggesting that cells migrating radially lose their receptor expression.
They can either be primarily receptor negative or may lose the receptors with disease progression and expression varies with histological subtypes [ 22– 25].
Progesterone, on the other hand, induces lobular mammary carcinomas, which lose hormone receptor expression after serial transplantations [ 6].
The remarkable similarity of feline mammary IELs to those of humans, with the tendency to lose hormone receptor expression in atypical IELs, supports the cat as a possible model to study ER- and PR-negative breast lesions.
Eventually, in the same mouse or after successive passages, these neoplasias progress to become autonomous: they lose hormone receptor expression and grow independently of the female's hormonal status [ 24].
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