The first loop, estimates the maximum power voltage (MPV) which is used in the second loop as a reference value for backstepping sliding mode control (BSMC).
In both cases, we restricted the expression matrices to the 11 probesets and then applied regularized least squares in a leave-one-out cross validation loop, estimating the corresponding generalization error (see Table 3).
The expected number of autoregulatory loops estimated from the set of genes G we denote by LM (G) or LS (G) depending which probability model is used.
The proposed modified Kalman filter framework consists of two loops: a loop to estimate the state, and a loop to estimate the disturbance generated by the modeling errors (a dual-loop Kalman filter).
The filtered version of this control signal is used to correct the loop estimates and maintain lock conditions[13].
More specifically, the tracking jitter quantifies the residual amount of noise present in the final loop estimate, in this case the code delay [17].
Two of them use plant estimates obtained from direct identification plus Diophantine equation design, while the third one uses closed loop estimates and an incremental pole placement design.
Axial dispersion in the riser, downcomer and gas-disengagement section of an airlift-loop reactor (ALR) with an external loop was estimated and expressed by the Bodenstein number (Bo).
The entropic energy of kissing loop is estimated by ( k_{text{B}} ln frac{{omega_{6,2,2} }}{{omega_{text{coil}} }}, ) with ( { ln }omega_{6,2,2} ) is read from Table 1, and ( { ln }omega_{text{coil}} ) = 2.05 l + 0.1 (l is the chain length of loop l 1 or l 3) from the polymer physics theory.
In this work, we used a well-established (if simplified) model of the functional architecture of the motor cortico-striato-thalamic loop and estimated which connections, or combinations of connections, are modulated by STN-DBS to produce the observed BOLD signal recorded at rest.
