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Two AT sequences on opposite sides of one loop bind to complementary TA sequences on the matching sides of a second loop, and a positively charged sodium ion unites the foursome by pulling together four negatively charged oxygens, one on each of the four T's.
This model (detailed in Figure 6 figure supplement 1D) predicts that TBCC inserts Arg186 into the Arl2 active site to catalyze GTP hydrolysis, while Phe233 and Phe237 in the TBCC loop bind Arl2 hydrophobic residues, and the TBCC acidic residues 240, 241, 243, and 244 project above the Arl2-TBCC interface.> -wrap-foot> 10.7554/eLiFigure11.021 Figure 6.
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(62) Sequence comparison of Syt isoforms shows that the same synaptotagmin isoforms (Syt4, Syt8, Syt11 Syt13, and Syt15) that do not have a tyrosine residue at position 364 (that have been either shown or predicted not to bind Ca2+ via the Ca2+-binding loops) bind anionic lipids and the syntaxin/SNAP-25 complex in a Ca2+-independent manner and inhibit SNARE-mediated lipid mixing in vitro.
We reasoned that, because the domain 2β3 2β4 loop binds in a groove on the receptor surface, receptor binding should result in an environmental change in Trp346.
A related issue is nested loop structures with loop bound interdependencies, which are difficult to precisely incorporate in the timing model.
The catalytically active A-site with a conserved GGD /E EF loop binds one monomer of GTP, which is the substrate.
Symbolic execution unrolls loops, hence, for most cases, neither loop bound annotations nor complementary loop bound analyses are necessary (see Section 5 for examples) except when the bound is dependent on, for example, I/O or the unrolling exceeds the specified analysis depth.
In cases where annotations are necessary, SYMRT offers (simple) comment-based loop bound annotations on the form //@loopbound = bound; SYMRT will unroll the loop up to the specified bound and explicitly break it.
Note that we did not need to provide loop bound annotations in any of the examples nor did we reach the default search depth (corresponding to 100 branches) during analysis.
Two specific long-range interactions clamp the two halves of the domain together: a two-Mg2+-coordinated adenosine-rich corkscrew plugs into the minor groove of a helix, and a GAAA hairpin loop binds to a conserved 11-nucleotide internal loop.
Histone mRNAs are known to lack a polyA tail and their 3' ends are processed by a variety of proteins including Stem Loop Binding Protein [33].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com