Despite intervention programs in this region, there remain longstanding epidemics of HIV and other blood-borne pathogen problems among IDU populations.
Thailand has experienced longstanding epidemics of illicit drug use and HIV among IDU, with an estimated 5% of the population using illicit drugs in 2007 and an estimated 30 50% of IDU living with HIV/AIDS over two decades [ 6, 7].
Thailand has been the site of a longstanding HIV epidemic among people who inject drugs (IDU).
Thailand, a country with a longstanding HIV epidemic among IDU and prevalence rates as high as 40%, has historically favored strict enforcement as drug policy [ 19, 20].
Given the childhood obesity epidemic and the longstanding economic troubles of America's apple growers, boosting the apple's performance so that it could, as an industry observer explained, "stand up to ordinary use," was a doubly urgent project.
One boiling weekend last summer, the impassioned members of a campaign group named Take Back Your Time gathered in a university lecture hall in Seattle, to further their longstanding mission of "eliminating the epidemic of overwork" – and, in so doing, to explore what it might mean to live a life that is not so focused on personal productivity.
In developed countries, vulnerability to renewed measles epidemics exists despite longstanding vaccination programs [37].
The surgical scale-up will take place in the district of Achham, located in the mountains of western Nepal, which has suffered the consequences of war, longstanding poverty and a concentrated HIV epidemic.
We recommend distinguishing between the increasing practice, prompted by concerns about bioterrorism, of syndromic surveillance for epidemic detection and the longstanding and common practice of using syndrome-based case definitions in public health surveillance.
