To effectively control the longitudinal uneven settlement of the tunnel, research is needed on the gravel bedding layer as well as on the settlement and control of foundation combination types, such as underwater pile foundations, and settlement-reducing pile foundations [76].
Longitudinal differential settlement of shield-driven tunnel may cause longitudinal bending of the structure, which may further introduce flattening of the tunnel.
In this paper, the authors introduce both the shearing effect and flattening effect on the tunnel cross section, which was caused by the longitudinal differential settlement, into an existing analytical model of jointed shield tunnels.
Another cause of clogging is the longitudinal sagging, partial settlements, and upheaval of the pipe.
Experimental studies show that the ripped-rock revetment can cool the embankment and adjust the temperature distribution near the north and south slopes of embankment, and is an available technique to protect embankment from thawing settlement and longitudinal cracks in permafrost regions.
This paper uses longitudinal data from two informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya to examine patterns of child growth and how these are affected by four different dimensions of poverty at the household level namely, expenditures poverty, assets poverty, food poverty, and subjective poverty.
An iterative procedure for numerical prediction of long-term degradation of railway track geometry (longitudinal level) due to accumulated differential settlement of ballast/subgrade is presented.
Extensive observations on longitudinal ceramographs allowed classifying molten fuel settlements near bottom and top extents of axial fuel melting into three types.
The work deals with the structural analysis of an historic masonry building, Palazzo del Capitano in Mantua, subject to significant static instabilities due to an overturning of the longitudinal façades, probably related to ground settlements.
In permafrost regions, embankment stability has been destroyed with longitudinal cracks primarily caused by transverse asymmetric settlement.
