To reduce the bias, which is caused by an increased sampling frequency in areas with high plastic levels in recent years, they calculated average concentrations of small plastic items for each 1° × 1° (latitude × longitude) area.
Indeed, for the North Sea as a whole, at the scale of the ICES rectangle (211 rectangles of 0.5° latitude by 1° longitude: area of rectangle 3720 km2 at 53°N), 50% of rectangles are beam trawled for less than 2000 h a-1.[29] Since a typical beam trawler tows two 12 m (width) beams at 6 knots (11.1 km h-1), the trawler will impact about 535 km2 of substratum in 2000 h.
First, thanks to the regular re-sampling interval used, we calculated the time spent in 1° latitude by 1° longitude areas along the apparent paths in order to distinguish sections where turtles spend significantly more or less time, hereafter referred as Temporary Residence Areas (TRAs) and transit areas, respectively.
Geosciences Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) space LiDAR data are used to attribute a MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) 500 m land cover classification of a 10° latitude by 12° longitude study area in south-central Siberia.
The grid map was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles.
Habitat data included sampling location (latitude, longitude), drainage area above each sample site, and the individual metrics used to derive Ohio EPA's qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI; Rankin, 1989).
We focused on the eastern United States (east of 95° longitude), an area that covers approximately 1,700 counties, has a large population (> 180 million), and has diverse weather conditions and geography.
The files in this site contain a revised (October 2009) version of the climatological mean values in 4° Latitude X 5° Longitude box areas and the distribution maps.
Moreover, the observational locations are limited around the world and though satellite measurements can cover all longitudes, observational areas are fixed in geographic latitude and the satellite altitudes.
The Elysium Planitia (center latitude and longitude of this area is 2°N and 155°E respectively) is a controversial area due to a complex history of recent fluvial (Burr et al., 2002, 2005; Murray et al., 2005) and volcanic (Plescia, 2003; Jaeger et al., 2007) activities.
General parameters for each country (Table 1)—such as latitude, longitude, population size, area, and GDP were obtained using the CIA World Factbook online database [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html].
