For example, some land-use changes can lead to short-term increases in transmission followed by longer-term decreases (e.g., irrigation and malaria in Sri Lanka) or vice versa (e.g., deforestation and cutaneous leishmaniasis in Latin America).
The most likely reason for this longer term decrease in the amplitude commencing during the main phase of the storm is due to the slow recombination of ions and free electrons and slower molecular diffusion at D-region altitudes as compared to those at the F region altitudes during the storms (Richmond and Lu 2000).
Despite the lack of longer-term data, decreased dopamine and increase dopamine turnover, coupled with down-regulation of dopamine D2 receptors, in the dorsal striatum, may underlie at least some of the changes in checking behaviour on the observing response task.
27 The short-term effects of raised prolactin include sexual dysfunction and loss of libido while longer-term problems include decreased bone density and osteoporosis to which patients with schizophrenia may be predisposed by risk factors such as sedentary lifestyle, smoking and poor nutrition.
Increased peak postoperative B-type natriuretic peptide predicts decreased longer-term physical function after primary coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Concerning the GO/G50/sapphire films, longer-term rinsing resulted in decreasing the concentration of Mn- or S-containing species by approximately 50% as compared to the XPS findings reported in Table 3 for the shortly rinsed GO/G50/sapphire films.
Salinity intrusion is likely to increase in the future because of further reduced river flows, increased upstream withdrawals, longer-term climate change that may decrease dry season rainfall, and increased sea-level rise (Khan et al. 2011).
Adjusting for temperature through use of longer-term cumulative averages tended to decrease the PM10 effect.
The decrease in longer-term survivors, although statistically significant, was much smaller in magnitude, around 12%.
For COPD and CB earlier starters have significantly higher risks, and risk also tended to decrease with longer-term quitting.
Associations for temporally resolved and spatiotemporally resolved BC and PM2.5 were similar, although associations with spatiotemporally resolved PM2.5 seemed to decrease for longer-term exposures.
