"However, it is as yet too early to tell whether this represents the beginning of a longer term levelling out of the prison population".
But focusing on whether the economy crosses a line into a recession -- which is just an arbitrary threshold -- misses the point that the reaction to the tragedy could affect the longer-term level of economic activity more than the direct effect of the destruction wrought by the attacks, and ignores the fact that economic well-being depends on much more than the G.D.P.
It is often presented as comprising of three elements "people's longer-term levels of pleasant affect, lack of unpleasant affect, and life satisfaction".
The retreat of glaciers since 1850 affects the availability of fresh water for irrigation and domestic use, mountain recreation, animals and plants that depend on glacier-melt, and in the longer term, the level of the oceans.
"However, to sustain North Sea activity over the longer term, exploration levels must improve and long-term investment must be sustained to ensure that sufficient new production comes on stream.
In the longer term, citation levels may also benefit from OA.
In the longer term, citation levels may also benefit from OA (Lawrence, 2001; Hajjem et al. 2005; Harnad et al. 2008).
In the longer term, meta-level, global governance systems need to be developed, which incorporate information technology or e-governance solutions that can reward new types of contributions and cut down on unnecessary administration.
In general it suggests European countries should focus more on spending cuts, which tend to be more sustainable in the longer term; while relatively low levels of spending in the U.S. suggest more room to act on the revenue side.
Calvaresi and Bryan (2001) hypothesised that FA/B12/B6 may affect cognitive performance via two interrelated ways: a direct and possibly acute influence via hypomethylation and a longer term influence on homocysteine levels resulting in structural vascular changes in the brain [ 49].
To evaluate whether initial effects were sustained on the longer term [ 7], PA levels were compared between citizens aware of '10,000 Steps' (reached citizens) and those not aware (citizens not reached), as was done in the prior dissemination and implementation study [ 15].
