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Therefore, we are interested in improving the average performance of the system by considering long-term utilities.
Based on this information, the consumers take actions to maximize their long-term utilities, which is defined as follows begin{array}{*{20}l} U_{n} = (1-delta)sumlimits_{t=0}^{infty} delta^{t} Eleft{u_{n}left {boldsymbol{a}}^{t}right)right} end{array} (7).
Let U n (σ R |s=1) and U n (σ R |s=0) denote the long-term utilities of consumer n at the beginning of a review phase and a punishment phase, respectively, if all consumers follow the strategy σ.
Though this did not affect our calculation of short-term utilities (since a common denominator of 8 weeks was used), it did affect our calculation of long-term utilities where the denominator was based on the life expectancy of the child.
Similar(56)
The initial cost is high, but will be offset by long-term utility savings.
He explained: "Each adjective strengthens the message that one cannot expect much in terms of quality, or long-term utility from it".
Forfeiting the equivalent of a luxury car for an eco-friendly renovation may seem a high price, but Westchester projects often cost even more, without components that contribute to long-term utility savings, Mr. Talo said.
Since then, cities have been keen to use the Olympics to leverage other civic improvements, on the premise that if you're spending billions to refurbish a city you should at least invest in buildings that have long-term utility.
Wind power as a primary energy source for producing hydrogen, both as long-term utility storage (in aquifers, for instance) for base-load reliability and as transportation fuel, is supposed to get serious tests in Germany starting this year.
When the nest must be defended, its eldest residents — with the least long-term utility remaining to them — become the most suicidally aggressive, "obedient to a simple truth that separates our two species: Where humans send their young men to war, ants send their old ladies".
Essentially, the numerator represents the long-term utility gain due to deviation, and the denominator represents the maximal long-term utility loss due to the punishment.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com