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This study was designed to explore the effect that variations in wave-induced hydrodynamics would have on long-term colonisation of terrestrial sediment depositions on intertidal flats.
No insertions or deletions are found at this site in homologous urease sequences in diverse organisms (Figure S1) and we therefore propose that the precise structure of this beta-meander is important for urease's alternative role during long-term colonisation.
These results suggest difficulties to maintain long-term colonisation with administered lactobacilli.
For efficient continuous delivery of antibody fragments a Lactobacillus strain characterised for long-term colonisation in the host should be selected.
Helicobacter pylori is well recognised as a class I carcinogen because long-term colonisation by this organism can provoke chronic inflammation and atrophy, 1 2 which can further lead to malignant transformation.
It is evident from the presented data that, at a population level, S. flexneri is characterised by long-term colonisation of endemic regions, with limited evidence of intercontinental transmission within the last 30 years.
Similar(54)
These data contrast with that of the other Shigella species for which we have global population data, S. sonnei and S. dysenteriae; with the pattern of long term colonisation, diversity and coexistence in S. flexneri lineages appearing to share more similarities with pathogenic E. coli variants such as ETEC (von Mentzer et al., 2014) than other Shigella species.
It is conceivable that repeated host inflammatory responses due to long-term bacterial colonisation could provide one source of ROS-producing neutrophils.
The meningococcus and N. lactamica are more similar in their life histories: both are obligate commensal inhabitants of the human nasopharynx that establish long-term normally asymptomatic colonisation.
The suppression of the normal bacterial flora in the gastrointestinal tract by broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy also allows the yeast to proliferate, both in neutropenic patients with haematological malignancies [ 39] and in non-neutropenic patients [ 40], and long-term and high-density colonisation has been shown to lead to candidemia.
Instead of brandishing the peril of colonisation, viable, long-term policies must be drawn up – in opposition to the narrow focus on upcoming elections.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com