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The long-term analytical precision based on >1500 stable isotopic determinations of a carbonate standard is ±0.12 (2σ) for δ18O and ±0.06 (2σ) for δ13C.
Thirty-nine of the 56 studies took a long-term analytical time horizon, such as 20 30 years or lifetime.
For each topic, two questions on the cumulative final exam (see Supplemental Material C) were used to assess long-term analytical and higher-order thinking.
Results are reported with respect to the VPDB scale, and the long-term analytical uncertainties at the 1σ level is equal 0.07 for δC (Spötl&Vennemann Spötl and Vennemann 2003).
As was argued in the report of one of these studies, there is an appreciable long-term analytical variability of similar magnitude as the sugar-related effect (Baker, 2006).
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The long-term total analytical coefficient of variation for these assays over 6 years was approximately 5%.
Even when lake sampling was intended for long-term monitoring, analytical methods were not always coordinated among different lakes, lake districts, counties, or states.
Thus, spatial skills, assessed by first grade, already function as key long-term predictors of analytical as well as spatial math-reasoning skills as late as fifth grade.
The state of stress and deformation is analyzed in the short- and long-term, by applying analytical and numerical solutions to the idealized situation of an axisymmetric tunnel.
We test the sensitivity, accuracy, precision and long-term stability of the analytical procedure.
Many of the differences were found to be not significant when the long-term variability of the analytical methodology was taken into account.
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