Teaching biology concepts to primary students may be an important long-range step in bringing about change in the levels of understanding and acceptance of the theory of evolution.
Therefore, it cannot be claimed that the spread of defoliation was determined by a stationary, step-wise process, one incipient long-range step and one later short-range.
The highly accurate phasing of heterogametic individuals helps in surrogate definition and partitioning in the long-range phasing step, and in the haplotype library phasing step of AlphaImpute for homogametic individuals.
Obeying this principle facilitates minimization of a parameter identification cost function which is the sum of long-range (multi-step) prediction error squares instead of the sum of single-step prediction error squares.
Applying the update option that uses previously phased data and therefore does not require the long-range phasing step to be re-run, decreased the computation time to six hours.
Long-range specialist Daly stepped up and put the hosts onto the scoreboard with a penalty, but Slade soon restored Exeter's seven-point cushion.
During the long-range PCR and PCR steps in the sample preparation steps for the Illumina platform, indels can occur in microsatellite loci, leading to less or more repeats.
The NGS methods are usually divided into three basic steps, long-range PCR of the DNA samples, NGS, and allele assignment step [ 25].
The multiple time-stepping algorithm was employed, with an integration time step of 2 fs, the short-range force being evaluated every time step, and the long-range electrostatics every second time step.
An integration time step of 1.5 fs was used, permitting a multiple time-stepping algorithm to be employed in which interactions involving covalent bonds and short-range nonbonded interactions were computed every time step, whereas long-range electrostatic forces were computed every two time steps.
