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A long-held model proposes that the enzymatic activity of RNAPII is determined by the phosphorylation status of the CTD.
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But populism has introduced a new, or at least newly powerful, set of factors, forcing anyone who works in or studies politics to throw out long-held models.
This report places this research in the broader context of research on Near Eastern urban origins and development, describes the survey and remote sensing methods and summarises the results, which challenge several long-held models for the timing and geographical origins of urbanism in the Near East.
But improving technology, falling prices and backing from electric-car giant Tesla could soon make the battery-powered home cheaper and easier than ever, challenging the long-held utility model of dependence on outside energy — and revolutionizing how America flicks on its lights.
These "Boolean implications" [ 32] support the long-held biological model that PR is under the control of ER [ 5, 6, 8].
Our structural analysis of single- and tandem-domain RPTPs together with biophysical studies and prior structural information from CD45 and LAR (Nam et al., 1999, 2005) reveal that PTP catalytic domains do not dimerize in solution under physiological buffer conditions and provide strong evidence against the long-held inhibitory wedge model.
At a stroke, he turned the long-held traditional airline business model on its head.
Tokyo could rid the country of this sad vulnerability by shifting from its long-held export-driven growth model to a more balanced approach that also emphasizes the consumer.
Worsening pollution has raised widespread questions about whether the costs of a long-held growth-first economic model have outweighed the benefits.
Surprisingly, site of implantation (orthotopic versus ectopic) resulted in limited impact on gene expression profiles, and in both scenarios xenografts differed significantly from the original primary tumors, challenging the long-held notion that orthotopic PDX model is the gold standard preclinical model for HCC.
The Chinese government is only now beginning to address the noxious environmental effects of its long-held growth-at-all-costs development model.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com