"The kinds of diagnostic tests that are traditionally used by doctors take a long time and are complex," explains Cassandra Kelly-Cirino, director of emerging threats at the Geneva-based Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics.
But it takes both a long time and a complex combination of factors — often including some personal trauma, social stigma and government policy — to promote any real transformation, say those who have studied the matter.
Usually, inducing atherosclerosis in normal rats and mice using a high-lipid diet is difficult because (i) rodents must be treated for a long time and (ii) complex traits for atherosclerosis are influenced by genetic variation and by the type of diet the rodents are fed.
When anyone pops their head above the parapet – former permanent secretaries, ex-cabinet secretaries, the Institute for Government – and says this is going to take a long time and it's complex, they are immediately shot down and accused of betraying the will of the people.
I had to do that a long time, and so I understand how complex it is.
Sir Robert's report concluded that some individual cases had "endured over such a long time, and the issues have become so complex, that the most rigorous inquiry devoted to each such case would not have been able to resolve matters for those involved".
For a complex part, it takes long time and effort to determine process plan.
In the process, long deposition time and complex equipment are needed; and a great deal of reactants is wasted.
Conventional pathogen detection methods, such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), culturing or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) require long assay times, and complex and expensive instruments, which are not adaptable to point-of-care (POC) needs at resource-constrained as well as primary care settings.
Most of these reported methods require a forcing conditions, high temperature, long reaction times and complex synthetic pathways.
