Meanwhile, Zhang et al. demonstrated that fibroblasts could be induced into expandable iCPCs by the CASD lineage conversion strategy and these iCPCs could be further long-term expanded using a combination of growth factors and small molecules (BMP4, Activin A, CHIR99021 and SU5402) (Zhang et al., 2016b).
However, chromosomal rearrangements have been detected in long-term expanded adult murine NSCs which apparently do not result in a malignant phenotype [2].
This restricted transcriptional code resulted in both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter phenotypes from these regions which contrasts with the preferential GABAergic phenotype seen in long-term expanded primary and ES cell derived neural precursors [71], [72].
We show here that exposure of long-term expanded hNSCs isolated from the developing human brain to defined combinations of pro-oligodendroglial factors results in the generation of large numbers of oligodendroglial cells at the early stages of lineage commitment/differentiation.
To address this question systematically and comprehensively we first developed human oligonucleotide microarrays with 30.000 elements and then performed large-scale expression profiling of long-term expanded MSC isolated from clinically relevant samples.
To address this question we first developed human oligonucleotide microarrays with 30.000 elements and then performed large-scale expression profiling of long-term expanded MSC and MSC during differentiation into osteoblasts.
With the exception of AML 2005-289, long-term expanding cocultures could be established reaching 4- to 25-fold expansion, after 4 weeks of culture.
In conclusion, these data indicated that the long-term expanding pancreas organoid cultures derive from duct cells.
In 79% (15/19) of the tested AML cases, long-term expanding cocultures could be generated (Fig. 2a, b).
Using this Tsc1 conditional knockout mouse model, the group established long-term expanding postnatal NSC lines derived from the subventricular zone.
