Finally, our work provides support for the possibility that a long-term deviation from the physiological conditions may trigger rheumatoid diseases.
In addition, spectral centroid, spectral dynamics and spectral flatness of the power spectrum of long-term deviation (PLD) are included in the feature vector as well as 12th-order mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) with delta and delta-delta and line spectrum frequency (LSF) features computed by mapping the first 10 linear predictive coding (LPC) coefficients to LSF representation.
If a long-term deviation is detected, this information could be used to readjust the system via back-propagation or other learning algorithms (for example Kawato and Gomi 1992).
However, we found long-term deviations from linearity in our experiments (discussed in the results section).
Given the existence of long-term deviations from PPP in some countries, scholars were interested in explaining these deviations; and those who believed that PPP theory does not hold attempted to identify the factors behind appreciations or depreciations of the real exchange rate.
For example, if there are persistent forces, e.g., oceanic currents, that cause migrating animals to undergo long-term deviations from their intended course, our circle of confusion estimate will overestimate the true value.
Moreover, central oscillators may be used on a longer time-scale to detect long-term deviations (e.g., in the case of sensory drift) by providing expectation values that could be compared with the sensory input.
The long term standard deviation is 0.2‰ for 13C and 0.3‰ for 15N.
The variance of the variable S t will be t σ 2. Thus, the mean error will often increase along the time, which leads to the conclusion that it is difficult to predict the traveling distance precisely in the long term, although sometimes the deviation in some continuous timeslots may be neutralized.
The MATLAB program then takes the signals, smoothes them through low-pass filters, plots them, and performs some analysis, such as computing pulse and breathing rates and their long term averages and standard deviations.
Seasonal dynamics of NDVI and rainfall is found to be apparent from percent deviation from long term average NDVI and rainfall.
