Freezing upon placement in the chamber (without shock) was assessed during acquisition (day 1) or for long-term (days 2 4) or remote memory (day 45).
The ability to culture cryopreserved human hepatocytes allows application of the cells for prolonged incubations such as long-term (days) metabolism studies, enzyme induction studies, and cytotoxicity studies.
Short-term (h) and long-term (days) individual variability and the effects of momentary change in feeding intensity on digestion time were studied in the scyphomedusa Aurelia aurita as a basis for developing a method to experimentally measure the digestion rate with a high precision.
Clinically, acupuncture produces long-term (days) pain relief in patients [ 27], while it produces short-term (minutes) analgesia [ 28] in healthy humans.
However, although mechanical cues are known to have clear effects over the long-term (days), the short-term (seconds to minutes) cellular responses to mechanical stimuli are less well characterized.
Lewis rats with AIA were subjected to short-term (days 1 and 8, n = 10) or long-term (days 1, 8, 15 and 22, n = 10) intra-articular treatment with microbially manufactured, high-molecular-weight HA (molecular weight, 1.7 × 106 Da; 0.5 mg/dose).
Here, we present a high-level model of the rat HH based on selected published results to predict short-term (hours) to long-term (days) variation of six major homeostatic parameters: (1) the extracellular sodium concentration, (2) the AVP concentration, (3) the intracellular volume, (4) the extracellular volume, (5) the urine volume and (6) the water intake.
The solution for many small mammals is to temporarily lower their energy needs by regulating a strong suppression of their metabolic rate, causing Tb to fall, and enter either short-term daily torpor or long-term (days or even weeks) continuous hibernation [3 5].
Notably, mice in which anti-H7a T cells did not persist long-term (day 100) nevertheless remained tumor-free.
