Changes in the environment, including exposure to teratogens, can result in long term alterations to the epigenetic landscape of a cell, thereby altering gene expression.
To evaluate the long-term alterations of corneal nerves in patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).
We show that short-term exposure of cultures to ketamine at concentrations of ≥20 μg/ml leads to a significant cell loss of differentiated cells and that non-cell death-inducing concentrations of ketamine (10 μg/ml) can still initiate long-term alterations of dendritic arbor in differentiated neurons, including dendritic retraction and branching point elimination.
These data establish that 5-HT2B receptors are critical for reinforcing effects properties and establishment of long-term alterations of behavioral responses to repeated exposure to MDMA.
These results support the hypothesis that the observed changes reflect long-term alterations of the vasculature.
Prenatal growth restriction and low birth weight have been linked to long-term alterations of health, presumably via adaptive modifications of the epigenome.
32 Additionally, offspring of rats displayed long-term alterations of glucose tolerance because of the induction of maternal gestational hyperglycaemia, which can lead to fetal and neonatal hyperinsulinism.
The fact that only male mutants presented with metabolic changes suggested that rejuvenated olfactory neurogenesis and function entails relevant long-term alterations of glucose and lipid metabolism.
Epigenetics refers to stable and long-term alterations of cellular traits that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence per se.
demonstrate that two types of bariatric surgery, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and vertical banded gastroplasty, produce long-term alterations of the gut microbiome independently of BMI and that these alterations modulate host metabolism and fat mass deposition.
Changes in chromatin structure may lead to short- or long-term alterations of the transcriptional activity of genes, thereby being crucial for the functional properties of cells or tissues.
