Foci and/or substrate outside the pulmonary veins, particularly in the left atrial appendage (LAA), has been identified as a key mechanism in the maintenance of persistent AF and long-standing persistent AF.
FIRM-PVI patients were more likely than PVI-controls to be male (83% vs. 66%, P < 0.001) and have long-standing persistent AF (26% vs. 13%, P < 0.001) reflecting patients referred for FIRM.
Pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVI) as a treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a high rate of success; however, outcomes for treating persistent and long-standing persistent AF with PVI alone are substantially lower and often require multiple procedures to maintain long-term freedom from atrial arrhythmias.
CONCLUSIONS:Statistical modeling using TTM recordings after MVS in patients with (long-standing) persistent AF suggests that a biatrial maze is associated with lower AF/AFL/AT prevalence, but not a lower load, compared with pulmonary vein isolation.
OBJECTIVE To use novel statistical methods for analyzing the effect of lesion set on (long-standing) persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network trial of surgical ablation during mitral valve surgery (MVS).
Although several randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in experienced centers, the outcomes of this procedure in routine clinical practice and in patients with persistent and long-standing persistent AF remain uncertain.
This approach will not create the kind of change we need to address the long-standing, persistent problem of effectively educating children in poverty.
The AFib group was further divided into the following subgroups: paroxysmal, persistent, and long-standing persistent.
Atrial fibrillation type was categorized as paroxysmal, persistent, and long-standing persistent.
About one-third of the patients (30.0%) were enrolled with paroxysmal AF, one-third in persistent or long-standing persistent AF (24.0% persistent, 7.2% long-standing persistent), and 38.8% in permanent AF.
Number of drugs failed did not influence ablation outcome for patients with long-standing persistent AF (P = 0.352).
