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Improving trees by conventional breeding is time-consuming and often not cost-effective due to the long vegetative periods and long reproduction cycles [ 1].
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Also in delicious color was a five-foot-long reproduction of Egbert Viele's map of the watercourses of Manhattan, $600.
He offered us a colorful, yard-long reproduction of the Titanic in a glass case for three hundred and fifty dollars.
For example, long-lived organisms optimize long term reproduction, forgoing rapid growth and reproduction, but must also survive to reproduce and are so 'required' to maintain a more effective, and presumably costly, immune system than short lived rapidly reproducing organisms [ 11, 12].
Additional evidence can be obtained from in vivo mammalian long-term reproduction studies.
Then, consistencies between in silico structural alerts, in vitro assays, and in vivo mammalian long-term reproduction studies and fish life-cycle tests were assessed.
Table 3 Comparison of in vivo long-term reproduction studies with mammals and fish with results from receptor-based in vitro assays Compound CAS no.
evaluation of structural alerts, in vitro assays, and in vivo mammalian long-term reproduction studies for the indication of potential estrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruptors in fish.
The combined dataset includes 933 chemicals, with 693 having only in vitro data and 189 having only in vivo mammalian long-term reproduction data.
Furthermore, uptake studies lasting for 24 h (as described in, e.g., Skjolding et al. [72] and Sakka et al. [70]) could reveal important toxicity mechanism by relating uptake and toxicity in long-term reproduction studies of nanoparticles.
Comparative analyses of the agreement of chemical and toxicological approaches to the identification of potential EA-EDs in fish were based on receptor-based in vitro assays and in vivo mammalian long-term reproduction studies.
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