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The pdf has a slightly greater spread in the tail (lower kurtosis) than a Gaussian distribution and positive skew for long observational experimental data.
Long observational studies are subject to biases in recruitment criteria and to changes in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
In patients with breast cancer, a long observational period is necessary to discriminate patients with respect to prognosis.
Furthermore, the studies showing association between glycemic control and degree of atherosclerosis, using image techniques, have done so after a long observational period (2, 7– 9).
Potential Hawthorne effects are likely to be minimised given the long observational period (6 months in phase 1 and 12 months in phase 3).
The long observational time (36 years) for more than 847 000 individuals gives a solid base for statistical power and detection of trends.
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We confirmed in the year-long observational study the high productivity losses in this young mostly male workforce, which correlated with but were not wholly explained by headache frequency.
This year-long observational study confirmed, in a young mostly male workforce, the high productivity losses attributable to headache by far the greater part being due to presenteeism rather than absenteeism.
This per-sample analysis was performed because imatinib doses administered to each patient during the course of this 3-year-long observational study could be increased or decreased.
In the 10-year-long observational period, pravastatin was provided for all participants alive at the completion of the double blind phase.
Determining the range of intervals between BO diagnosis and OAC within the longest observational BO follow-up study.
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