The cuticle consists of narrow rows of mainly rectangular to narrow elongated cells (about 90 μm long and 35 mm wide) (costal areas) and broader areas (intercostal areas) with wider cells of rectangle elongated shape (about 70 μm long and 35 μm wide).
Among the above diagnostic characters, autapomorphies recovered in the present phylogenetic analysis for the new family are: the forewing MP with two simple main branches, the rather narrow costal region, the long pterostigma, and the presence of only one discoidal cell between main branches of MP.
Costal vein extended to second and third radial vein (R2 + 3); second cross vein absent; second costal section 2.5 times as long as the fourth; subcosta greatly reduced; costa ending at vein R4 + 5.
Both Pelecanus and Balaeniceps also have sterni with a costal margin that is extremely long relative to other waterbirds (character 127).
This costal belt is approximately 55 kms long and 0.5 km wide, extending from Neendakara (Kollam district) in south to Purakkadu (Alapuzha district) in north [1].
nov. are recognized: the forewing MP with two simple main branches (char. 9 1), the rather narrow costal region (char. 15:1), the long pterostigma that is nearly a half of wing length (char. 20 1), and the presence of only one discoidal cell between main branches of MP (char. 26 3).
After fixation, a longitudinal cut of the right lung was performed with the removal of a longitudinal segment of the anterior chest wall, approximately 1.5 cm long and 0.4 cm wide, containing soft parts, cartilaginous costal segments, and parietal pleura.
To obtain single fibers, a rectangular bundle from the central costal region of the right hemidiaphragm was dissected, parallel to the long axis of the muscle fibers.
The circumference was determined at the narrowest point between the lower costal border and the top of the iliac crest perpendicular to the long axis of the trunk [ 15].
The greater levels of LD in inland freshwater compared with marine and costal freshwater populations can be explained in terms of their contrasting demographic histories: founder events, long-term isolation, small effective sizes, and population bottlenecks are factors likely to have contributed to the high levels of LD in the inland freshwater populations.
