Processing includes top removal (topping), delimbing, crosscutting into logs (bucking), debarking, and sometimes chipping of undesirable trees or logging residues.
Logging residues did not affect available nutrients.
Reducing logging residues is of uttermost importance.
Oak and hornbeam logging residues were richer than logging residues from beech and spruce.
Logging residues were collected at the preceding harvest.
Logging residues cause direct CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.
All logging residues were assumed to be emitted.
On one site, the frequency of freeze thaw cycles increased under logging residues, while logging residues increased soil water content on another site, for certain measurement events.
Scenario 1 assumes that all harvested timber is used as wood fuel without logging residues or with logging residues of the same amount as extracted timber.
Moreover canopy closure had a strong and significant effect on beetle assemblages in logging residues.
